Calorimeters and Other Products

Calorimeters

A Gentec-EO calorimeter is the only reliable solution available for the largest and highest energy laser beams. Through cooperation with several leading research facilities around the world, Gentec-EO has become the expert in manufacturing, calibrating and servicing calorimeters for use in high energy inertial confinement fusion calorimetric measurement.

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State-of-the-Art

We work with a wide range of materials from surface coatings to the most robust volume absorbers to provide the best solution for your specific application.

Outstanding signal to noise ratios,
high sensitivity,
vacuum compatibility,
attention to detail and workmanship,

gained over 35 years of experience in thermal-based energy measurement make Gentec-EO the ideal choice for all your high energy measurement needs.

Accurate

Using NIST traceable sources and proven calibration techniques, your Gentec-EO calorimeter is always the most accurate large aperture measurement device on the market.

With calibration uncertainties of ±3%, and repeatabilities better than ±2% for very large beams, Gentec-EO offers the very best solution for extreme energy measurement and for balancing in multi laser systems.

Customized

We have designed calorimeters for 16 kJ beams. We have built them for beams as large as 420 x 427 mm in aperture size, to withstand pulse energy densities of more than 15 J/cm².

We have also provided highly sensitive, large-aperture size calorimeters for beam energies as low as 50 mJ for the most delicate applications.

Our calorimeters span the band from 190 nm to 25 microns. Moreover, we are happy to push these limits even further. We work with a wide range of materials from surface coatings to the most robust volume absorbers to provide the best solution for your specific application.

Laser fusion experiments

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a process where nuclear fusion reactions are initiated by heating and compressing a fuel target, typically in the form of a pellet that most often contains a mixture of deuterium and tritium. To compress and heat the fuel, energy is delivered to the outer layer of the target using high-energy beams of laser light.* ICF is said to reproduce the energy generation process taking place in the core of the sun.

Several laser fusion projects are underway around the world right now, their main goal is to produce a clean, reliable and nearly unlimited source of energy. All these laser fusion experiments use very high energy lasers of sereval kJ per pulse for which a Gentec-EO calorimeter is the ONLY reliable measuring device available on the market. Over the years, we have been presented with increasingly large and energetic laser pulses to be measured and we have kept pace with the world's most demanding lasers.
*. Source : Wikipedia.

Laser Fusion Mechanism

1. Laser beams or laser-produced X-rays rapidly heat the surface of the fusion target, forming a surrounding plasma envelope.
2. Fuel is compressed by the rocket-like blowoff of the hot surface material.
3. During the final part of the capsule implosion, the fuel core reaches 20 times the density of lead and ignites at 100,000,000 ˚C.
4. Thermonuclear burn spreads rapidly through the compressed fuel, yielding many times the input energy.

Schematic of the stages of inertial confinement fusion using lasers. The blue arrows represent radiation; orange is blowoff; purple is inwardly transported thermal energy.

Typical pulse values for these lasers are in the range:

Aperture Sizes: Up to 420 x 420 mm	Energy range: Up to 16 kJ
Pulse Widths: Nanoseconds	Wavelengths: From UV to NIR

Femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond lasers are developping at a very fast pace. Some lasers now feature peak powers in the Petawatts (10¹⁵ W). Furthermore, the beam sizes can be fairly small, which results in peak power densities too high for a standard detector. Typically, pulse values for these lasers are in the range:

Beam Sizes: Up to 160 mm Ø
Energy range: 1 J to 100 J
Pulse Widths: Femto & picosecond
Wavelengths: UV to NIR

For these, a Gentec-EO calorimeter is the only reliable solution. Furthermore, it can sometimes be used in power meter mode.

Examples of Custom Calorimeters

Main Specifications	Spectral Range	Minimum Energy	Maximum Energy
Rectangular Apertures
420 X 427 mm	1053 nm	500 J	16 kJ
420 X 427 mm	0.4 - 1.1 μm	200 J	5000 J
100 X 100 mm	351 nm	1 J	50 J
100 X 100 mm	0.4 - 1.1 μm	2 J	100 J
60 X 60 mm	0.19 - 20 μm	50 mJ	1.5 J
Round Apertures
310 mm Ø	351 nm	20 J	500 J
310 mm Ø	0.35 - 1.1 μm	200 J	1500 J
150 mm Ø	0.3 - 1.1 μm	1 J	500 J
50 mm Ø	0.19 - 10 μm	15 J	200 J
19 mm Ø	0.19 - 25 μm	1 mJ	2.3 J
17 mm Ø	0.19 - 10 μm	1 mJ	1.5 J

Monitoring

Monitor	Acquisition Software	Remote System Diagnostic

Dual Channel (up to 4 on request) Power & Energy PC-Based (USB or Ethernet)	Can handle several calorimeters Saves Data to the PC Graphic Display	Validation of the Calibration Verification of the Signal Response
S-LINK-2 The S-LINK-2 is a 2-channel PCBased power and energy monitor. It is perfect if the device is meant to be integrated into your system and used remotely. The S-LINK-2 gives you the choice between USB or Ethernet connection and it comes with a complete acquisition software. It can be customized with up to 4 channels upon request.	PC-Calo The PC-Calo is a user-friendly PC interface that reads and controls several channels simultaneously via a USB or Ethernet connection. It reads the voltage outputs of the S-LINK, saves the data in a spreadsheet, displays the data graphically and analyzes the measured energy. The parameters are entered seperately and the data can be treated individually or simultaneously.	RSD Do the on-site monitoring of your calorimeter using our special diagnostic tool. The verification is done remotely so you can control it from another location. The diagnostic includes the verification of the calorimeter's calibration and of the signal response and data acquisition.